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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkem | om ruʃtko |
| 2SG: | ruʃtket | ot ruʃtko |
| 3SG: | ruʃtka | ok/ogeʃ ruʃtko |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkena | ona/ogəna ruʃtko |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkeda | oda/ogəda ruʃtko |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkat | ogət ruʃtko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkəʃəm | ʃəm ruʃtko |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ ruʃtko |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkəʃ | əʃ ruʃtko |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkəʃna | əʃna ruʃtko |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəʃda | əʃda ruʃtko |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkəʃt | əʃt ruʃtko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkenam | ruʃtken oməl |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkenat | ruʃtken otəl |
| 3SG: | ruʃtken | ruʃtken ogəl |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkenːa | ruʃtken onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkenda | ruʃtken odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkenət | ruʃtken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkem əʎe | om ruʃtko əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃtket əʎe | ot ruʃtko əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃtka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ ruʃtko əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkena əʎe | ona/ogəna ruʃtko əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkeda əʎe | oda/ogəda ruʃtko əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkat əʎe | ogət ruʃtko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkem ulmaʃ | om ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ruʃtket ulmaʃ | ot ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃtka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkat ulmaʃ | ogət ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkenam əʎe | ruʃtken oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkenat əʎe | ruʃtken otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃtken əʎe | ruʃtken ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkenːa əʎe | ruʃtken onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkenda əʎe | ruʃtken odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃtken əʎe | ruʃtken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkenam ulmaʃ | ruʃtken oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkenat ulmaʃ | ruʃtken otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃtken ulmaʃ | ruʃtken ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkenːa ulmaʃ | ruʃtken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkenda ulmaʃ | ruʃtken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃtken ulmaʃ | ruʃtken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruʃtko | it ruʃtko |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkəʒo | ənʒe ruʃtko |
| 1PL: | (ruʃtkena) | (ona/ogəna ruʃtko) |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəza | ida ruʃtko |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkəʃt | ənəʃt ruʃtko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkənem | ənem ruʃtko |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkənet | ənet ruʃtko |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkəneʒe | əneʒ ruʃtko |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkənena | ənena ruʃtko |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəneda | əneda ruʃtko |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkəneʃt | əneʃt ruʃtko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃtkənem əʎe | ənem ruʃtko əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkənena əʎe | ənet ruʃtko əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ ruʃtko əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃtkənena əʎe | ənena ruʃtko əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəneda əʎe | əneda ruʃtko əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt ruʃtko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruʃtkənet ulmaʃ | ənet ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃtkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ruʃtkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃtkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt ruʃtko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ruʃtkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ruʃtkəman |
| Active participle: | ruʃtkəʃo |
| Passive participle: | ruʃtkəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ruʃtkəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | ruʃtkədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ruʃtken |
| Negative gerund: | ruʃtkəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | ruʃtkəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ruʃtkəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ruʃtkəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | ruʃtkəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | ruʃtkədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||